Development of lithium battery

In 1981, the first patent on lithium-ion battery was published.

In 1992, SONY began mass production of civil lithium-ion batteries.

In 1998, a large number of square lithium-ion batteries were put on the market, occupying a large market share.

In 1999, China began mass production of lithium-ion batteries.

Application field of lithium battery

1. Consumer goods fieldMainly used in digital products, mobile phones, mobile power supplies, notebooks and other electronic equipment.

Commonly used are 18650 lithium battery and lithium polymer battery.

2. Industrial fieldMainly used in medical electronics, photovoltaic energy storage, railway infrastructure, security communications, exploration and mapping and other fields. Commonly used are energy storage/power lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, li-polymer and 18650 lithium batteries.

3. Special fieldsMainly used in the field of high-energy physics. Commonly used are ultra-low temperature lithium batteries, high temperature lithium batteries, lithium titanate batteries, explosion-proof lithium batteries and so on.

Classification of lithium batteries

1. Classification by appearanceCylindrical lithium battery Cylindrical lithium ion battery, its model name is generally 5 digits, the first two digits are the diameter of the battery, the middle two digits are the height of the battery, and the last digit 0 represents the cylinder, and the unit is millimeters. The most commonly used 1）cylindrical lithium battery

18650 lithium battery

14500 lithium battery

18500 lithium battery 

21700 lithium battery

26650 lithium battery

32650(32700) lithium battery

33140lithium battery

33220lithium battery

46800lithium battery

2) Square lithium battery Square lithium battery usually refers to square lithium battery with aluminum shell or steel shell, which is widely used in exploration and mapping, medical equipment and portable testing equipment.

2. Classification by shell

1) Lithium battery with steel caseEarly lithium-ion batteries are mostly steel cases. Due to the heavy weight and poor safety of steel shell, but the stability of steel is strong, many manufacturers optimized the design structure through safety valves, PTC and other devices in the later period, which greatly improved its safety performance. Others directly replace the steel case, using aluminum case and soft bag, such as the current mobile phone battery.

2) Lithium battery with aluminum caseAluminum-shell lithium-ion battery is slightly better than steel-shell lithium-ion battery because of its light weight and safety.Flexible lithium batteryFlexible packaging lithium-ion battery is gradually expanding its market share because of its advantages of light weight, low mold opening cost and high safety.

3) Flexible packaging lithium battery

Flexible packaging lithium-ion battery is gradually expanding its market share because of its advantages of light weight, low mold opening cost and high safety.

3. According to the classification of cathode materials

At present, there are four cathode materials for lithium ion batteries:

1) Lithium cobaltate battery Lithium cobaltate, with the chemical formula LiCoOâ‚‚, is an inorganic compound, which is generally used as the positive electrode material of lithium ion batteries.

2) Lithium manganate battery Lithium manganate is mainly spinel lithium manganate, which was first prepared by Hunter in 1981 as a cathode material with three-dimensional lithium ion channels.

3) Lithium iron phosphate battery Ferrous lithium phosphate, also known as lithium iron phosphate and lithium iron phosphate, is a cathode material for lithium ion batteries. Lithium iron phosphate battery named after its cathode material is also called lithium iron battery.

4) Nickel-cobalt-manganese (ternary) lithium battery Lithium nickel-cobalt manganate is the key ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery, which has higher specific capacity and lower cost than the unit cathode material.

4. Classification by electrolyte

1) Liquid lithium ion battery

Liquid lithium ion battery uses liquid electrolyte, and the electrolyte is organic solvent+lithium salt.

2) Polymer lithium ion battery

Polymer lithium-ion batteries are replaced by solid polymer electrolyte, which can be "dry" or "colloidal". At present, most of them use polymer colloidal electrolyte. The matrix of polymer is mainly HFP-PVDF, PEO, PAN and PMMA.

3) All-solid lithium ion battery

"All-solid-state lithium battery" is a kind of lithium battery in which the electrodes and electrolyte materials used in the working temperature range are solid and do not contain any liquid components, so the full name is "all-solid-state electrolyte lithium battery".